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Joseph ben Ephraim Karo
Joseph ben Ephraim Karo, also spelled Yosef Caro, or Qaro (1488 – March 24, 1575),〔(Rabbi Joseph Karo ), OU〕 was author of the last great codification of Jewish law, the ''Shulchan Aruch'', which is still authoritative for all Jews pertaining to their respective communities. To this end he is often referred to as HaMechaber ((ヘブライ語:"The Author")) and as Maran (Aramaic: ''"Our Master"'').〔(Joseph ben Ephraim Karo ), ''Encyclopædia Britannica''〕
==Early life==
Karo was born in Toledo, Spain in 1488.〔 In 1492, aged four years old, he was forced to flee Spain with his family and the rest of Spanish Jewry as a result of the Alhambra Decree and subsequently settled in Portugal. After the expulsion of the Jews from Portugal in 1497, the Ottomans invited the Jews to settle within the Ottoman Empire. Karo went with his parents to Nikopolis, then a city in the Ottoman Empire, and spent the rest of his life in the Ottoman Empire. In Nikopol, he received his first instruction from his father, who was himself an eminent Talmudist. He married, first, Isaac Saba's daughter, and, after her death, the daughter of Hayyim Albalag, both of these men being well-known Talmudists. After the death of his second wife he married the daughter of Zechariah Sechsel (or perhaps Sachsel), a learned and wealthy Talmudist.
Already as a young man, he gained a reputation as a brilliant Torah scholar. He began by writing an explanation on the Rambam's Mishneh Torah. He called his work the ''Kesef Mishnah''. Here he cited and explained Rambam's sources.
Between 1520 and 1522 Karo settled at Edirne. He later settled in the city of Safed, Land of Israel, where he arrived about 1535, having en route spent several years at Salonica (1533) and Istanbul.
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